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Internationally, flexible micro-nano manufacturing technology mainly includes nano-imprint technology and 3D and 4D printing technology. The nano-imprint technology proposed in the 90s of the last century uses photoresist to transfer the micro-nano structure on the template to the material to be processed through the etching transfer process. Originally, silicon wafers were millimeter-level, and the scale was reduced to microns or even nanometers through various methods such as etching. This subtractive manufacturing gradually reduces the material to the target scale. 3D printing and 4D printing are additive manufacturing technologies, and the original materials are atomic and molecular-level, and the materials are accumulated little by little to generate target objects.
Nanoimprint technology has been done in China for many years, but it is still in a state of following, 3D printing and 4D printing are the first in foreign countries, if you follow the existing flexible micro-nano manufacturing technology, for our young people, the innovation is insufficient. When using traditional micro-nano processing technologies such as lithography and etching to manufacture devices, it was found that light can control surface instability, and after exploring for a while, it was found that this can be made into micro-nano structures, a new flexible micro-nano processing technology that is neither subtractive nor additive manufacturing, that is, mechanical self-assembly technology guided by surface instability.
The study of surface instability structure control not only provides a new technical route for our country to break through the blockade of lithography technology, but also improves the security level of optical communication encryption. Based on surface instability, some micro-nano structures are made, and light will be reflected, refracted and diffracted in the micro-nano structure, and artificially controlled light reflection, refraction and diffraction can change the propagation direction, intensity and wavelength of light. Compared with static gratings, near-infrared controlled dynamic diffraction gratings have the advantages of dynamic in-situ adjustment and switching, which can significantly improve the security level of optical communication encryption.
The formation mechanism of programmable light-controlled self-assembled structures, mechanical design theory and its application in micro-nano manufacturing technology are the current research hotspots and difficulties in the field of micro-nanoscale mechanics, and are cutting-edge basic scientific problems that need to be solved urgently. The design and manufacturing of large-area, high-collimation, and orderly self-assembled structures are also key micro-nano technology issues. In addition, the research on the control of shape and control of micro-nano self-assembled structures can break through the disciplinary barriers between mechanics, mechanics, and materials, and promote multidisciplinary integration and innovation.